差分对

差分对由两条紧密平行、承载等幅反相信号的导体组成。该结构是差分信号传输的基础，其中信号由两条线之间的电压差表示，而非相对于地的电压。它是增益级、运算放大器和高频电路中的关键元件，通过抑制共模噪声，提供高抗电磁干扰（EMI）能力、减少串扰并改善信号完整性。

差分对基于差分信号传输原理工作。两条导体承载相位相差180度的信号（即一条是另一条的反相）。接收器检测两条线之间的电压差，该电压差代表传输的信号。此方法可抵消两条线共有的任何噪声或干扰（共模噪声），因为此类噪声对两条导体的影响相同，不会改变差分电压。在增益级中，它放大两个输入信号之间的差值，同时抑制共模信号。

The differential pair operates on the principle of differential signaling. The two conductors carry signals that are 180 degrees out of phase (i.e., one is the inverse of the other). The receiver detects the voltage difference between the two lines, which represents the transmitted signal. This method cancels out any noise or interference that is common to both lines (common-mode noise), as such noise affects both conductors equally and does not alter the differential voltage. In a gain stage, it amplifies the difference between two input signals while suppressing any common-mode signals.