行业组件数据 · 2026

金属氧化物压敏电阻

A voltage-dependent resistor used for surge protection in electrical systems.

技术定义与适配语境
典型 金属氧化物压敏电阻 会按材料、尺寸公差、适配关系和失效风险在 电气设备制造 中评估。

A Metal Oxide Varistor (MOV) is a semiconductor device with nonlinear voltage-current characteristics, primarily composed of zinc oxide and other metal oxides. It functions as a voltage-clamping component that protects sensitive electronic equipment from voltage spikes and transient surges by rapidly changing its resistance when the voltage exceeds a specific threshold.

组件规格

定义
A Metal Oxide Varistor (MOV) is a semiconductor device with nonlinear voltage-current characteristics, primarily composed of zinc oxide and other metal oxides. It functions as a voltage-clamping component that protects sensitive electronic equipment from voltage spikes and transient surges by rapidly changing its resistance when the voltage exceeds a specific threshold.
工作原理
The MOV operates based on the nonlinear electrical behavior of its zinc oxide grains. Under normal voltage conditions, it exhibits high resistance and minimal current flow. When a voltage surge exceeds the clamping voltage, the grain boundaries become conductive, allowing the MOV to shunt excess current to ground, thereby limiting the voltage across protected circuits.
材料
Zinc oxide (ZnO) with small percentages of bismuthcobaltmanganeseand other metal oxidesencapsulated in epoxy resin or ceramic housing with metal electrodes (typically silver).
Response Time
<25 nanoseconds
Clamping Voltage
130V to 1500V (depending on application)
Energy Absorption
10J to 3000J
Peak Current Rating
1kA to 100kA (8/20μs waveform)
Operating Temperature
-40°C to +85°C
Maximum Continuous Operating Voltage
85V to 1000V AC/DC
标准
IEC 61051UL 1449ISO 9001

行业分类与别名

金属氧化物压敏电阻 的常用贸易名称、技术标识和检索关键词。

上级产品

该组件会出现在以下整机或工业产品中。

FMEA · 风险与缓解

诱因 → 失效模式 → 工程缓解

Repeated exposure to high-energy surges->Increased leakage current and reduced clamping capability->Implement periodic testing and replacement schedules; use MOVs with higher energy ratings
Continuous overvoltage conditions->Thermal runaway leading to catastrophic failure or fire hazard->Combine with thermal fuses or current-limiting devices; ensure proper ventilation
Manufacturing defects in zinc oxide grain structure->Premature failure under normal operating conditions->Source from certified suppliers with quality control per IEC 61051 standards

工业生态与工程逻辑

0
Thermal runaway under continuous overvoltage
1
Degradation after multiple surges
2
Potential short-circuit failure mode
3
Leakage current increase over time

合规与检测

tolerance
±10% on clamping voltage, ±20% on energy rating
test method
IEC 61051-2 for electrical characteristics, UL 1449 for safety testing, 8/20μs surge current waveform testing

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采购评估维度

不是客户评论,也不是实时热度。以下维度用于前期 RFQ 准备和供应商评估。

技术文档
4/5
制造能力
4/5
可检验性
5/5
供应商透明度
3/5

这些分值是采购评估维度示例,不代表真实客户评分、具体国家买家反馈或实时询盘。

相关组件

常见问题

What is the typical lifespan of an MOV?

MOVs have a finite lifespan dependent on surge exposure. They can withstand multiple small surges but may degrade after absorbing large energy transients, typically requiring replacement after significant events.

How does an MOV differ from a TVS diode?

MOVs handle higher energy surges but have slower response times and higher clamping voltages compared to TVS diodes, which offer faster response and lower clamping voltages for precision protection.

Can MOVs be used in DC circuits?

Yes, MOVs are suitable for both AC and DC applications, with voltage ratings specified accordingly for each type of circuit.

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URN:CNFX:ME:UNIT:METAL_OXIDE_VARISTOR_MOV_