行业组件数据 · 2026

X电容器（线间电容）

X-capacitor for line-to-line EMI suppression in industrial EMC filters

技术定义与适配语境

典型 X电容器（线间电容）会按材料、尺寸公差、适配关系和失效风险在电气设备制造中评估。

An X-capacitor (also called line-to-line capacitor) is a safety-rated capacitor connected between live conductors (line-to-line or line-to-neutral) in electrical circuits. It suppresses differential-mode electromagnetic interference (EMI) by providing a low-impedance path for high-frequency noise currents to return to their source, preventing propagation through power lines. These capacitors must meet stringent safety standards due to their connection across AC mains.

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组件规格

定义

工作原理

Operates by capacitive reactance (Xc = 1/(2πfC)), which decreases with increasing frequency. At high frequencies (EMI range), the capacitor presents low impedance, shunting noise currents away from sensitive equipment. For differential-mode noise (between lines), X-capacitors provide a preferential path for noise currents to circulate locally rather than radiating or coupling into other circuits.

材料

Metallized polypropylene film (MKP) or ceramic dielectric (Class X1/X2 rated)with self-healing propertiesepoxy resin encapsulationcopper or tinned copper leadsflame-retardant plastic case (UL94 V-0 rated).

Tolerance

±10% to ±20%

Rated Voltage

250VAC to 440VAC (X2: 275VAC, X1: 760VAC)

Impulse Voltage

2.5kV to 4kV (X2), 4kV to 6kV (X1)

Leakage Current

<0.5mA at 230VAC/50Hz

Safety Standards

IEC 60384-14, UL 60384-14

Capacitance Range

0.001μF to 10μF

Temperature Range

-40°C to +110°C

Dissipation Factor

<0.001 at 1kHz

Insulation Resistance

>10,000MΩ

标准

IEC 60384-14UL 60384-14EN 60384-14GB/T 6346.14

行业分类与别名

X电容器（线间电容）的常用贸易名称、技术标识和检索关键词。

上级产品

该组件会出现在以下整机或工业产品中。

输入滤波器（EMC滤波器）

一种电磁兼容性滤波器，设计用于抑制通过直流输入电源线进入或离开设备的传导电磁干扰（EMI）。

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FMEA · 风险与缓解

诱因 → 失效模式 → 工程缓解

Overvoltage transients (lightning, switching surges)->Dielectric breakdown leading to short-circuit->Use X1-class capacitors for high-impedance environments; incorporate surge protection devices (MOVs); design with derated voltage (e.g., 275VAC capacitor for 230VAC line)

Thermal stress from high ambient temperature or ripple current->Capacitance drift or open-circuit failure->Select capacitors with high-temperature rating (≥105°C); ensure adequate ventilation; calculate and limit ripple current; use capacitors with low ESR

Mechanical damage during assembly->Cracked casing leading to moisture ingress and corrosion->Follow manufacturer's mounting guidelines (lead bending radius); use strain relief; apply conformal coating in humid environments; implement visual inspection

工业生态与工程逻辑

兼容对象

AC/DC power supplies Variable frequency drives (VFDs)Industrial motor controllers UPS systems Medical equipment power supplies LED drivers Household appliances

可替换件

TDK (B32922 series)Vishay (MKP338 series)KEMET (R41 series)Würth Elektronik (WCAP-FTX2 series)Panasonic (ECQ-U series)Yageo (AC series)

Electrical shock if improperly rated or installed

Fire hazard from short-circuit failure

EMC non-compliance if underspecified

Reduced filter performance from aging or temperature drift

Leakage current exceeding safety limits

合规与检测

tolerance

Capacitance tolerance typically ±10% or ±20%; voltage derating of 20-50% recommended for reliability; leakage current must comply with IEC 60950-1 (<0.25mA for IT equipment)

test method

Safety testing per IEC 60384-14 (endurance, humidity, solderability); electrical testing (capacitance, dissipation factor, insulation resistance at 500VDC); impulse voltage test (10 pulses at specified voltage); flammability test (UL94 V-0)

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采购评估维度

不是客户评论，也不是实时热度。以下维度用于前期 RFQ 准备和供应商评估。

技术文档

4/5

制造能力

4/5

可检验性

5/5

供应商透明度

3/5

这些分值是采购评估维度示例，不代表真实客户评分、具体国家买家反馈或实时询盘。

常见问题

What is the difference between X and Y capacitors?

X-capacitors are connected line-to-line or line-to-neutral to suppress differential-mode EMI, while Y-capacitors are connected line-to-ground to suppress common-mode EMI. X-capacitors have lower safety requirements for failure (short-circuit risk), whereas Y-capacitors must fail open-circuit to prevent electric shock.

How do I select an X-capacitor for an EMC filter?

Consider: 1) Required capacitance based on EMI frequency spectrum, 2) AC mains voltage rating (e.g., 250VAC for 230V systems), 3) Safety class (X2 for general applications, X1 for high-impedance or industrial environments), 4) Temperature stability for operating conditions, and 5) Compliance with regional safety standards (IEC/UL/EN).

What happens if an X-capacitor fails?

X-capacitors are designed to fail safely, typically as a short-circuit initially, which may blow a fuse or trip a circuit breaker. Modern metallized film capacitors have self-healing properties that can clear minor faults, but sustained overvoltage or overheating can lead to permanent short-circuit or open-circuit failure, reducing EMI suppression effectiveness.