行业组件数据 · 2026

动臂(斗杆)

动臂,又称斗杆或铲斗臂,是挖掘机工作装置中的关键结构件,作为连接动臂与属具(通常为铲斗)的中间连杆,将液压缸力转化为受控的直线和旋转运动。

技术定义与适配语境
典型 动臂(斗杆) 会按材料、尺寸公差、适配关系和失效风险在 机械和设备制造 中评估。

动臂,又称斗杆或铲斗臂,是挖掘机工作装置中的关键结构件。它作为连接动臂与属具(通常为铲斗)的中间连杆,将液压缸力转化为受控的直线和旋转运动。其主要作用是提供挖掘、提升和物料放置所需的伸距、杠杆作用和力。该部件的几何形状、销轴连接和结构完整性直接影响机器的挖掘深度、破碎力和整体作业范围。 动臂基于杠杆和连杆原理工作。其近端通过销轴与动臂连接,远端通过另一销轴与铲斗连接。一个或多个液压缸(动臂油缸)安装在动臂和斗杆之间。当液压压力作用于油缸使其伸缩时,油缸对斗杆施加力,使其绕与动臂连接的销轴旋转。该旋转带动连接的铲斗沿弧线运动,实现挖掘(铲入)和卸载动作。机械优势由油缸安装点和斗杆的几何形状决定。

组件规格

定义
动臂,又称斗杆或铲斗臂,是挖掘机工作装置中的关键结构件。它作为连接动臂与属具(通常为铲斗)的中间连杆,将液压缸力转化为受控的直线和旋转运动。其主要作用是提供挖掘、提升和物料放置所需的伸距、杠杆作用和力。该部件的几何形状、销轴连接和结构完整性直接影响机器的挖掘深度、破碎力和整体作业范围。

动臂基于杠杆和连杆原理工作。其近端通过销轴与动臂连接,远端通过另一销轴与铲斗连接。一个或多个液压缸(动臂油缸)安装在动臂和斗杆之间。当液压压力作用于油缸使其伸缩时,油缸对斗杆施加力,使其绕与动臂连接的销轴旋转。该旋转带动连接的铲斗沿弧线运动,实现挖掘(铲入)和卸载动作。机械优势由油缸安装点和斗杆的几何形状决定。
工作原理
The arm operates on lever and linkage principles. It is connected to the boom via a pivot pin at its proximal end and to the bucket via another pivot pin at its distal end. One or more hydraulic cylinders (the arm cylinder) are mounted between the boom and the arm. When hydraulic pressure is applied to extend or retract this cylinder, it exerts a force on the arm, causing it to rotate about its boom connection pin. This rotation moves the attached bucket in an arc, enabling the digging (crowd) and dumping motions. The mechanical advantage is determined by the cylinder mounting points and the arm's geometry.
材料
高强度低合金(HSLA)钢板(如ASTM A572 Grade 50或等效材料屈服强度≥345 MPa)。关键焊缝区域和销轴座可采用更高等级的钢材或进行特定的热处理(淬火和回火)以提高耐磨性和疲劳寿命。
Weight
Machine-dependent (e.g., 500kg - 5000kg+)
Safety Factor
Typically ≥ 3:1 for structural yield
Main Pin Diameter
e.g., 80mm - 200mm
Length (Pin-to-Pin)
Varies by machine class (e.g., 2.5m - 7m+)
Maximum Design Load
Based on machine's rated lift capacity at specified radius
Arm Cylinder Bore/Stroke
Machine-specific (e.g., 140mm / 1200mm)
标准
ISO 2867ISO 10261ISO 10567DIN 15018DIN EN 13001

行业分类与别名

动臂(斗杆) 的常用贸易名称、技术标识和检索关键词。

上级产品

该组件会出现在以下整机或工业产品中。

FMEA · 风险与缓解

诱因 → 失效模式 → 工程缓解

Cyclic stress exceeding material endurance limit at stress concentrators (weld toes, sharp corners).->Fatigue crack initiation and propagation, leading to complete fracture of the arm.->Implement robust design with smooth transitions, proper weld profiles (grind toes), use of HSLA steel with good fatigue properties, and enforce regular NDT (Ultrasonic, Magnetic Particle) inspections on high-stress areas.
Abrasive wear and lack of lubrication at pivot pin connections.->Excessive clearance between pin and bushing, leading to impact loads, poor machine control, and accelerated wear on other components.->Use hardened and ground pins with replaceable lubricated bushings, enforce strict greasing schedules per OEM manual, and monitor for abnormal play during pre-operation checks.

工业生态与工程逻辑

0
Structural fatigue and crack propagation leading to catastrophic failure
1
Pin and bushing wear causing poor control and increased stress
2
Overload scenarios from improper use or attachment
3
Corrosion in harsh environments reducing wall thickness

合规与检测

tolerance
Dimensional tolerances for pin holes per ISO 2867 (e.g., H8 for bore). Straightness and parallelism tolerances critical for cylinder alignment. Weld quality per ISO 5817 Level B.
test method
Non-Destructive Testing (NDT): Ultrasonic Testing (UT) for internal flaws, Magnetic Particle Inspection (MPI) for surface cracks on critical welds. Load testing via strain gauging to verify stress distribution under simulated working loads.

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采购评估维度

不是客户评论,也不是实时热度。以下维度用于前期 RFQ 准备和供应商评估。

技术文档
4/5
制造能力
4/5
可检验性
5/5
供应商透明度
3/5

这些分值是采购评估维度示例,不代表真实客户评分、具体国家买家反馈或实时询盘。

相关组件

常见问题

What is the difference between an arm and a boom on an excavator?

The boom is the primary, longest structural member attached directly to the excavator's house (upper structure). The arm (stick) is attached to the end of the boom and connects to the bucket. The boom provides vertical reach and lift height, while the arm provides horizontal reach and controls the digging (crowd) motion.

What causes cracks to form in an excavator arm?

Cracks typically initiate due to cyclic fatigue from repetitive loading/unloading during digging, material defects, stress concentrations at weld joints or sharp geometry changes, or overload conditions exceeding design limits. Improper welding repairs can also be a significant cause.

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CNFX Industrial Component Index · 机械和设备制造

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URN:CNFX:ME:UNIT:ARM_STICK_