换热管

Heat transfer tubes are cylindrical conduits designed to maximize surface area for efficient thermal exchange between two fluids at different temperatures. They form the core heat transfer surface in shell-and-tube heat exchangers, where one fluid flows inside the tubes while another flows outside them. Their design optimizes heat conduction through tube walls while minimizing pressure drop and fouling.

Heat transfer tubes operate on conduction and convection principles. Thermal energy transfers through the tube wall via conduction from the hotter fluid to the cooler fluid. Enhanced surface features (fins, turbulators) increase turbulence and surface area to improve convective heat transfer coefficients. The temperature gradient across the tube wall drives heat flow according to Fourier's law of heat conduction.