Keyway or spline is a mechanical component on a spindle that transmits torque between rotating parts through interlocking features.
A keyway is a longitudinal slot machined into a shaft or hub to accommodate a key, which prevents relative rotation between the shaft and mounted component. A spline consists of multiple longitudinal ridges (teeth) on a shaft that mesh with grooves in a mating hub, providing higher torque capacity and better alignment than a single keyway. Both are critical for torque transmission in spindle assemblies.
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Keyways use a single rectangular key for torque transmission, while splines use multiple interlocking teeth that provide higher torque capacity, better alignment, and allow for axial movement.
Choose splines for high-torque applications, when precise angular alignment is critical, or when axial movement between components is required during operation.
Common failures include wear, fretting corrosion, shear failure of keys, tooth deformation in splines, and stress concentration at sharp corners.
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