密封件和轴套

密封件和轴套是执行机构中的关键部件，旨在形成屏障以防止流体或气体泄漏，减少运动表面之间的磨损，并确保正确对中。密封件通常通过在静止和运动部件之间形成紧密界面来发挥作用，而轴套则作为套筒或衬垫以减少摩擦并吸收径向载荷。在工业应用中，它们提高运行效率、延长设备寿命，并防止液压缸、气动执行器和旋转轴等系统中的污染。

密封件基于压缩、唇形密封或机械端面密封的原理来阻止流体通过，依赖于在压力下变形的弹性体或聚合物材料。轴套通过在轴和壳体之间提供低摩擦界面来工作，通常使用自润滑材料或含油脂的设计以减少磨损。两种部件通过补偿热膨胀、振动和不对中来维持系统完整性。

Seals operate on principles of compression, lip sealing, or mechanical face sealing to block fluid passage, relying on elastomeric or polymeric materials that deform under pressure. Bushings work by providing a low-friction interface between a shaft and housing, often using self-lubricating materials or grease-filled designs to reduce wear. Both components maintain system integrity by compensating for thermal expansion, vibration, and misalignment.