吸盘

吸盘是弹性体部件，通过压紧表面形成真空密封，使物料处理系统无需机械夹具即可抓取物体。它们将气动真空压力转化为保持力，常用于机器人末端执行器、拾取和放置系统以及自动化装配线。其性能取决于吸盘几何形状、材料特性、表面兼容性和真空系统完整性。

吸盘基于伯努利原理和真空粘附力工作。当压紧物体时，形成气密密封，真空泵从腔体中抽出空气，产生负压（通常为-0.6至-0.9 bar）。大气压力对物体表面施加力，产生保持力（F = P × A，其中P为压差，A为有效密封面积）。通过正压空气或机械分离破坏真空来实现释放。

Suction cups operate on the Bernoulli principle and vacuum adhesion. When pressed against an object, they form an airtight seal, and a vacuum pump evacuates air from the cavity, creating negative pressure (typically -0.6 to -0.9 bar). Atmospheric pressure exerts force on the object's surface, generating holding force (F = P × A, where P is pressure differential and A is effective sealing area). Release occurs by breaking the vacuum through positive air pressure or mechanical detachment.